Balsam Tolu - Reconstitution

Balsam Tolu is a recent (non-fossil) resin sourced from South America, specifically Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, and is similar to Balsam of Peru. It is obtained by tapping the living trunks of Myroxylon toluiferum trees. This resin appears as a brownish, sticky, semisolid mass. An essential oil can also be distilled from the balsam. It contains a significant amount of esters of benzoic and cinnamic acid, including benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate.

In 1841, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated toluene from tolu balsam through dry distillation. Traditionally, the resin, along with the leaves and fruit of this tree, has been used by the people of Central and South America for medicinal purposes, such as relieving coughs and asthma and treating wounds. The name "Tolú" derives from the town Tolú in Sucre Department, northern Colombia, by the Caribbean Sea. This region was originally inhabited by the Tolues, an indigenous pre-Columbian people who were the first to be documented using this resin in early Spanish chronicles. The collection of this valuable resin from the tree is done in a manner similar to tapping rubber trees.

Today, El Salvador, Colombia, and Venezuela are the primary exporters of Balsam of Tolu. The resin is composed of approximately 75% fragrant resinous compounds, containing around 15% free cinnamic acid and benzoic acid, and about 40% benzyl and related esters of these acids. A small amount (1.5% to 7%) of volatile oil is also present, as well as traces of styrene, coumarin, and vanillin.

Historically, various tribal groups from Mexico and Central America used the leaves of Balsam Tolu to treat external wounds, asthma, colds, flu, and arthritis. Some indigenous people used powdered bark as an underarm deodorant, and others found it beneficial for lung ailments.

In contemporary perfumery, Balsam Tolu holds a revered place due to its unique and harmonious fragrance. It is primarily employed as a base note, providing depth and warmth to perfume compositions. Here’s a closer look at its roles in perfumery:

  1. Fixative Properties: Balsam Tolu acts as a fixative, enhancing the longevity and stability of fragrances. Its heavy molecules help to slow the evaporation of more volatile scent components, ensuring a lasting aromatic experience.
  2. Balancing Act: The resin’s complex blend of sweet, balsamic, and spicy notes makes it an excellent balancing agent in perfume formulas. It can mellow overly sharp ingredients while adding a rich, warm undertone to the fragrance.
  3. Versatility: Its aroma pairs well with a variety of scents, including vanilla, benzoin, amber, and woody accords. It is a popular choice in both oriental and amber fragrance families.

Balsam Tolu’s journey from the rainforests of South America to the sophisticated world of perfumery is a testament to its timeless appeal and versatile utility. Its unique aromatic profile, combined with its historical and cultural significance, cements its place as a cherished ingredient in the realm of fragrance creation. As both an aromatic delight and a natural remedy, Balsam Tolu continues to captivate and inspire, blending tradition with contemporary artistry.